Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, hydroxyl bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed oxy v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hydro th\u00f4ng qua li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb. N\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi ba d\u1ea1ng: nh\u00f3m hydroxyl trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, g\u1ed1c hydroxyl t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng ion.<\/p>\n
G\u1ed1c hydroxyl (\u2022OH) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng cao, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ed1c n\u00e0y. Trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng, chu k\u1ef3 b\u00e1n r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1c hydroxyl t\u1ef1 do c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ng\u1eafn, ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 10\u22129 gi\u00e2y, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nguy hi\u1ec3m cao.<\/p>\n
G\u1ed1c hydroxyl (\u2022OH) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng enzym, v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n g\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng enzym. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi chu k\u1ef3 b\u00e1n r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, g\u1ed1c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t oxy h\u00f3a n\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n
G\u1ed1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1edbn: t\u1eeb cacbohydrat, \u0111\u1ebfn axit nucleic (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn), c\u00e1c lipid (t\u1ea1o ra per\u00f4x\u00edt h\u00f3a lipid) v\u00e0 amino acid (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a phenylalanin th\u00e0nh m-tyrosin v\u00e0 o-tyrosin).<\/p>\n